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There are three geographically well-defined environment zones in the peruvian territory: the coast, a 80 to 150 KM width shore strip; the highlands made up by the andean altiplano zone, and the Jungle which is a large amazonian area currently scarcely populated.The Peruvian Andes extend from the border with Chile and Bolivia, by South, to the border with Equator by north. The following sectors are distinguished:a) The South Andes or Southern Andes comprised between the borders of Peru and Bolivia and the Vilcanota Knot in the boundary between Puno and Cusco.b) The Central Andes comprised between the Vilcanota Knot in the south and the Pasco Knot in the north.c) The North Andes, also called Septentrional Andes which extend from the Pasco Knot up to the border of Equator.The South Andes are made up by two mountain chains: the Western Chain also called Volcanic Chain extends between Tacna, Moquegua and Arequipa departments. This chain has several snow capped mountains and volcanoes like the Omate and Ubinas in Moquegua,the Tutupaca in Tacna and the Pichu Pichu, Misti and Chachani in Arequipa. The Eastern Chain extends between the border of Bolivia and the Vilcanota Knot, this chain is also called the Carabaya Cordillera. A Plateau extends between these two chains whose northwest part holds the Titicaca lake.The Central Andes extend over between the Vilcanota and Pasco.

Knots and comprise three chains; the Western Chain which is known under several names according to where it runs; the Central Chain which has also several names and the Eastern Chain. The most important peaks are the Coropuna and Solimana (Arequipa), Sara Sara (Ayacucho) and Monte Meiggs (Lima) which correspond to the Western Chain; the Salcantay (Cusco) and Huaytapallana (Juná¡án) correspond to the Central Chain. The Plateau of Bombon or Juná¡án extends over the south of the Pasco Knot whose central part holds the Chinchaycocha Lagoon.The North Andes are comprised between the Pasco Knot and the border with Equator, they have three chains: The Western Chain with the Yerupajá á peak, which splits into two cordilleras; the White Cordillera located at the East and which has an everlasting snow capped peak, the Huascaran, considered as the highest of the country (6,768 m), and the Black Cordillera, less higher than the previous one, which extends to the western Ancash. The famous

Callejá¢án de Huaylas is located between both of these cordilleras, considered as one of the most beautiful landscapes of the country. The Central Chain splits the waterflowing coming from the Maraá¤áá¢án and Huallaga rivers and the Eastern Chain decreases in height while it approaches the Equator.