Junín
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Geography:

The topography of this department presents well differentiated zones. To the west, at the limit with the department of Lima, there is the western cordillera with its rough snow and ice covered peaks. Those of greater height have a rough relief. To the east there are glaciar valleys of great height which end up in high plateaus or punas. Among them is the Junín or Bombón Plateau that is between La Oroya and Cerro de Pasco.

The Mantaro Valley becomes wider before Jauja up to the limit with Huancavelica. This zone holds a great percentage of the department's population and great number of the population centers. Towards the east, in the Near-Jungle, there is an abundance of narrow and deep canyons, with highly inclined hillsides, covered by woods under low-lying clouds.

In the central an southern part of the department is to be found the Huaytapallana Cordillera. This cordillera holds a great fault which is the origin of earthquakes in this zone. Towards the east is found the High Jungle, with valleys of great length, modelled by the Tulumayo, Paucartambo, Perené and Ene rivers.

Important morphological traits to be mentioned are the lacustrine basins located in the plateus or punas. The main one corresponds to Junín lake, also called Chinchaycocha, Bombón or De los Reyes. It occupies the most depresed area of the Junín plateau. Besides, we can find the Marcapomacocha lagoon of glaciar origin.