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  Geography:
The geographic configuration of this
department is interesting because of its vulcanism and its geomorphology. It is formed by
upstream portion of the Tambo River, one of the most torrential coastal river. It has one
of the steepest beds in the coast. It forms deep valleys that can be divided ino three
sectors, the first to the northwest, forms the Puquina-La Capilla sector. These are
veritable oasis enclaved in the rocks; arid hillsides and some terraces where horticulture
is possible. These produce, going to the good climate and the richness of the soil, first
quality alfalfa and fruits, specially grapes. The second sector of the valley that of
Omate, one of the most populated and fertile soils of the department. Nearby is to be
found the Ubinas volcano, the only which is active in all of Peru. In the hillsides, the
land is fertile in contrast with the desolation and sterility of its heights. In the
southern part of the system of the Tambo River is located the town of Carumas, which along
with Puquina and Omate, are the vital centers of this geography. The Moquegua River is a
short run one and forms by the confluence of the Torata, Huaracane and Tumilaca rivers.
After passing through the capital, it digs deep into a canyon called the Osmare. Before
sheding its waters into the Ilo port, one of the best port on the Pacific for the
extraction of mineral from Cuajone and Toquepala, to whose mines it is tied with a
railroad of 204 kilometers long.
A benign and pleasureable weather, a variety of landscapes
with lagoons surrounded by exhuberant vegetation pass through the valleys. These extend
along the mountains and broad sand banks.
Moquegua is one of the main copper producers in Peru. This
is obtained in the great mining company of Cuajone.
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